Project Management- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Project Management- - Essay Example From the turn of the millennium to 2002, the industry grew over 200% and generated revenues about $289 million in 2002 alone. In 2004, the revenue generated by this industry totaled up to around $947 million. Furthermore, optimism continued to run high as a research group predicated that the growth of ICT-based services would grow to $200 billion by the end of the decade, with call centres enjoying a fair share of $42 billion of the revenue (White, 2014). Reports claim that the United States alone claims over 1.5 million seats and another 1 million waiting to be outsourced and the United Kingdom only has around 500,000 seats only waiting to be outsourced. Keeping in line with this, this paper will discuss the process of creating a new control and call centre that will house the police, ambulance and fire rescue emergency services, which will receive and deal with all 999 emergency and non-emergency calls that will be used by both England and Wales citizens. In detail, it will (1) ide ntify key explanatory aspects/issues/arguments relating to this project; (2) assess the benefits/strengths and problems/weaknesses/shortcomings/pitfalls, applicable, in terms of implementing the pilot; (3) assess the extent to which formal programme and project management would provide cost and/or efficiency savings; and (4) provide a set of good practice/guidance recommendations that can be evidenced and/or supported from the finding of your review. A call centre refers to a centrally-based customer service operation where its agents deal with telephone calls on behalf of a customer/caller (D’Cruz & Noronha, 2006). Customers vary from emergency callers, non-emergency callers, mail-order catalog houses, computer product help desks, telemarketing companies, banks, insurance groups and financial services, transportation and freight handling firms, IT companies and hotels, among others. The

Behavior Plan Template Essay Example for Free

Behavior Plan Template Essay Max does not talk about his past or his family. He focuses everything on sex, power, and himself. He has had six charges of assault and brags about how many woman he has slept with. Max has a personality that draws people in and can be very socialble, but once things do not go his way or are not about him he tends to lose it. He sees nothing wrong in what he does and it is normal to him. He has serious anger issues that he does not want to admit and I feel it has a lot to with his past. Max possibly suffered from some type of abuse when he was younger, either sexual, physical, emotional, or even all three. He seems to have very low self-esteem by the way he brags  and puts down other ideas. Max does not know how to have a normal relationship with people, without making things about himself or using anger while interacting. Max hold irrational beliefs about himself and the world, which is not good because it leads to the negative actions he has been exhibiting. This type of behavior Max is exhibiting relates to rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). Course of Treatment List two target behaviors and two interventions. Target Behaviors Anger Issues Relationship/Emotional Issues Frequency and Duration of Target Behaviors Anger Issues are serious for Max because he seems to not be able to handle his anger. This behavior needs to be targeted for three months because he has been so use to this behavior for a long time and he needs to learn how to control anger and react to things in a positive way. Relationship/Emotional issues is an important area that Max need to work on. He needs to be able have a relationship with others that does not consist of him being selfish or dominiating. This behavior needs to be targeted for three months because he does not know how to interact with people without being dominating or using sex to his advantage to get what he wants. Severity and Number of Relapses If Max does not get this behavior under control he could have to do prison or jail time. He could also run into the wrong person and lose his life or be seriously injured. He has relapsed around 4 times, it has been difficult for him. Max needs to learn how to have a normal relationship with a person, that uses the correct emotions and is not all about himself. There will come a time when he is truly alone and has nobody because they do not like how dominating and arrogant he was. He could resort back into depression. He has relapsed around 5 times because he cannot stop being dominating and arrogant. Interventions Max needs to be in angermanagment classes, along with group and one-on-one therapy. He also needs do some sort of community service. Max needs to be in  one-on-one therapy and group therapy. He should volunteer at homeless shelters, so he can appreciate what he has and improve his own self-worth. He should be involved in any sexual activity for 4 months. Goals and Objectives List two long-term goals, two short-term goals, and one objective to work towards each goal. Long-Term Goal 1. The long-term goal for anger issues is for Max to control his anger and not have any other incidents of assaulting people. 2. The long-term goal for relationship/emotional issues is for Max to learn how to have a healthy relationship with others, which he is not controlling or uncaring to the person. His self-esteem should be confidence and not arrogance. Short-Term Goal 1. The short-term goal for anger issues is for Max to not have any anger outburst or physical altercations with anyone for three months. 2. The short-term goal for relationship/emotional issues is for Max to understand individuals and think about them for he thinks about himself. Objectives 1. If Max can control his anger he will be able to be a happy person and can have a normal reaction to things in life, without feeling out of control with anger (Macavei, 2005). 2. If Max can learn how to have a healthy relationship and use his emotions correctly, he will not be alone, but can have someone who he really cares about and who really cares him (Macavei, 2005). 3. If Max can learn to not lose control right away of anger he can learn that he does not need violence, but can think before he reacts (Macavei, 2005). 4. If Max can learn to understand others and think about someone else than himself he can become a better person and not who is not depressed or hides behind negativity. He can truly understand himself and work on his own personal issue (Macavei, 2005). Discharge and Termination Plans Describe the discharge and termination plan for the client. Discharge Plan Max has been discharged after four months of treatment. He has shown he can  control his anger and really overcome his relationship and emotional issues. He has completed his anger management and therapy. Max will still have to take angermanagement classes once a week and therapy, but he will be free to live on his own and conduct his life normally. He has also been prescribed medication that will help with his mood swings. Termination Plan Max will be released and living on his own. He will have to check in once a month for a year to make sure he has not relapsed. If everything comes out good he will not have to check in after the year. References Macavei, B. (2005). The Role of Irrational Beliefs in the Rational Emotive Behavior Theory of Depression. Retrieved from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4sid=9ad88650-04e2-482a-a3a8-bf1f672d5913%40sessionmgr4005hid=4109bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9hAN=18046159

Deanna Favre Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Deanna Tynes Favre is an American activist for the fight against the disease of breast cancer. After being diagnosed in 2004 she started the Deanna Favre Hope Foundation to raise money and awareness for women around the country. She is the wife of NFL quarterback Brett Favre of the Green Bay Packers and has two beautiful daughters. She is now a proud survivor of breast cancer and shares a strong belief in God as a Catholic. Deanna was born December 1968 in Kiln, Mississippi. She was born to Ann, a single mother. When Deanna was young her mother married a man named Kerry Tynes. Deanna was later adopted by Kerry and acquired two siblings, a half-sister Christie and a half-brother Casey. Deanna met Brett Favre, her later in life to be husband, in school. They attended the same school since early childhood. They began dating in high school during Deanna’s sophomore year, and Brett’s freshman year. They continued dating all through high school and into college. When high school ended in 1986 Deanna attended Poparville Mississippi Community College on a basketball scholarship. After attending school there for a few years Deanna transferred to the University of Southern Mississippi. There she studied to complete her bachelor’s degree in exercise science. During college, when Deanna was nineteen, she became pregnant and gave birth to Favre’s daughter, Brittany Nichole, on February 6, 1989 (Deanna Favre). Deanna knew premarital sex was wrong, but for whatever reason did it any way. She knew she was going to keep the baby from the moment she found out she was pregnant, even if it meant putting her career goals on hold. As a strong believer in the Catholic faith Deanna was totally against abortions and also did not want t... ...2. Southern Mississippi University B. Daughter C. Brett’s addictions 1. Vicodin 2. Drinking D. Marriage III. Cancer A. Breast B. Treatment IV. After Cancer A. Foundation 1. Deanna’s HOPE foundation 2. Brett’s FOREWARD foundation B. Books 1. â€Å"Don’t Bet Against Me: Beating the Odds Against Breast Cancer and in Life† 2. Bible V. Family and Life Now Works Cited Favre, Deanna.†A letter from Deanna Favre†. (29 January 2008) â€Å"Deanna Favre†. The Wikipedia encyclopedia Favre> (29 January 2008) Favre, Deanna and Brett. Personal interview by Fox. 26 September 2007 Lucero, Sam â€Å"Green Bay Packers Brett Favre and Deanna Credit Catholic Faith.† 2007 (29 January 2008) â€Æ'

Gatsby and Ebb Comparison

The portrayals of Barrett Browning and Fitzgerald explore the preferences of idealized love and time throughout both texts with the use of symbolism, imagery, irony and characterization to emphasis these differences. The Great Gatsby set during the Jazz age is an exemplification of the failure and tragedy of the American Dream as well as the fragmented world where love struggles to survive.This contrasted to Elizabeth Barrett Borrowing's love sonnets set in the wake of the Romantics, making the sonnets in many ways typically Victorian with their tone of gloom and sorrow as well as their feeling of the force and Intensity of their passion as the love grows and develops. Time wealth The Great Gatsby exposes how Gatsby Is trying to reincarnate the past by showing to Daisy that he has created an affluent life for himself, thus hoping she will be with him in the future.This illusion creates a sense of irony in the story because Gatsby who has the money to possess and attract anything or a nyone, cannot have or buy the thing he most wants and desires; his past love for Daisy. Gatsby nostalgia for his old self and the love that is symbolized is like Fitzgerald portrait of America's nostalgia for its lost values. Like Gatsby, America seems to have everything in the midst of the blooming ass's, but has lost something along the process. Even in the midst of Gatsby corrupt world there Lies a hope in his love for Daisy.This hope Is symbolized by the green light situated at the end of the wharf In front of Delays house at East Egg. This light reminds Gatsby that he Is close to having his dream come true, the dream he so desperately longs for â€Å"†¦ He stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way†¦ L could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a single green eight, minute and far away†, even though he doesn't have Daisy yet, this green light provides reassurance and hope that he is close to having her in the future.This continuous hope of the past being reincarnated for Gatsby started to seem like it was finally underway with the melancholic tone that the novel resurfaces during Gatsby and Daisy's reunion at Nick's house. We are shown through Gatsby melancholic longing his expression painted on his face â€Å"as pale as death† which symbolizes not only the sense of nervousness but also the relief of finally reaching the longed for moment of being with Daisy. The tragedy of Gatsby is that he Is being illusion because Daisy who was â€Å"the first nice girl he had ever met† changed Into a â€Å"materialistic, vacuous Individual who cannot see past herself.This change In characterization triggers the reality that Gatsby dream will never come true no matter now much en nope It wall It Is snow tongue ten novel ten D dream which is never fulfilled and instead he dies for it with the instant bullet which ends it all. Whilst a bullet ends a dream in The Great Gatsby, in the sonnet sequence Elizabeth focuses on the internal, everlasting love between herself and her over which goes beyond the temporal and beyond death. The dynamic nature of her context through her allusions tells us about her world.The nature and power of her love allows her to transcend her society; she can leave the patriarchal oppression of her past behind as well as escape the curtailment of her world because the love is complete. Elizabeth has had a depressing past life and her lover is seen as her rescuer. When they fell in love a sense of restoration is felt by the love they share which brings forth religious beliefs and acts. Elizabeth wants to eliminate the why ND the how and leave the love they share as something that simply is. But love me for love's sake, that evermore Thou mast love on, through love's eternity', symbolizes in sonnet XIV, the hope that the love they have is going to be everlasting â€Å"through love's eternity' – going beyo nd mortality Juxtaposed to The Great Gatsby where the dream of being loved again ends all to suddenly with a bullet. We can see from this sonnet Elizabeth already knows that the love they share is so strong that it will beat all odds and last forever.Throughout all of Elizabethan sonnets we come to realization hat the love she is experiencing has the power of an earthbound love which is everlasting, this is specifically shown in sonnet XII â€Å"face to face, silent drawing nigh and Niger, until the lengthening wings break into fire, At either curved point†¦ What bitter wrong, can the earth do to us, that we should not be there contented†, which symbolizes that their love is so strong that even after death they will meet again in heaven.This shows that through time their love will only grow and develop and she is hoping that even after death there love will become stronger than ever. Within this Monet she also uses imagery when imagining their relationship after morality because she feels that it will continue. Elizabethan final sonnet, COLI, expresses her final declaration of the everlasting, unconditional love she is experiencing â€Å"†¦ L shall but love thee better after my death†.Even after death she is going to love her lover more profoundly, consequently from this it is shown that through time the love her and her lover share will go beyond the temporal and against all odds. In contrast with The Great Gatsby where Gatsby dream to re-incarnate the past so that he can e with the one he loves is essentially Just an illusion which ends with a bullet, the sonnets by Elizabeth Barrett Browning articulates the unconditional transcendent nature of love which is everlasting and goes beyond mortality; where the love between Elizabeth and her lover will continue to grow.Idealized love in The Great Gatsby is oppressive and destructive. Through the narration of Nick Caraway we are exposed to a post WWW new world which is faithless, loveless a nd careless, thus making idealized love difficult to survive. Gatsby infatuation of Daisy as the ultimate commodity is seen as his goal from which he tries to draw closer to. The type of love that is shown from Gatsby towards Daisy is the obsessive but pure love which becomes something too special to survive in a world that lacks moral purpose.Gatsby bases his love on the relationship he had with Daisy years before. It was Gatsby who was â€Å"breathless† and saw her gleaming Like silver, sate Ana proud above ten not struggles AT ten poor† I Nils Imagery Tanat Gatsby uses to describe Daisy shows how deeply in love he was with her even though he knew that he wasn't rich and that it was obvious that she came from an affluent background.In order to be closer to Daisy, Gatsby buys a mansion across Daisy symbolizing the need for him to be close to her as well as the parties he arranges at his house which are illuminated with lights. These lights attract the â€Å"moths† who are Gatsby party guests but are created initially to attract Daisy to his house, thus hopefully emerging her closer to him so that their love can grow and Gatsby dream become fulfilled. However the barriers separating them from being together can also be symbolized by the love and the classification of the two villages.While Daisy lives in the East which was associated with the extravagance living which offered opportunities, Gatsby lived in the West which stood for traditional values such as solidity. These barriers added to the factors of why Gatsby could only â€Å"dream† of having Daisy because life interfered with their love. This pure love that once blossomed can't be recaptured again in the present and though Gatsby pursues his grail the moment is gone.Gatsby hope of being with Daisy the one who he truly loves and infatuates over dies with him. In The Great Gatsby , idealized love becomes an essence of destruction and delusion, this is partly due to it attemptin g to arrive in the fragmented post war America Juxtaposed with the sonnets by Elizabeth Barrett Browning where idealized love flourishes through its power to be transcendent and restorative. Idealized love is represented in a deep meaningful way in Elizabeth Barrett Borrowings sonnets.Through the persona of Elizabeth it is shown how love is powerful, it transformed her life, giving her new hope. The â€Å"silver ring† symbolizes that things are getting better; this is shown by the sense of restoration that their love has brought to her life. The love shown between Elizabeth and her lover is not terrestrials; it is idealistic love. Elizabeth states in sonnet XIV that she wants her lover to love her for the sake of love,† If thou must love me, let it be for enough Except for love's sake only'.Juxtaposition to The Great Gatsby where Gatsby had to modify his life in order to try and get Daisy to love him again, Elizabeth spiritually believes their love is pure and of transc endence; she doesn't want anything other than their pure love. Through this we see that the characteristics of the Victorian era in terms of qualities is something Elizabeth disregards. She believes that idealized love should e on the basis of feelings instead of traits as they can change.The last sonnet shows that their love must be enjoyed within all the dimensions of physical passion and the strength of that physical passion adds a spiritual dimension. Earthly love is aligned with spiritual fulfillment â€Å"How do I love thee? Let me count the ways†¦ † Explores all the dimensions of their love due to it being measured by the breadth, width and depth – they must be vast. If love is sublime in the sonnet sequence, we can conclude that it is tawdry in The Great Gatsby. In conclusion time and idealized love is shown to be analyses differently between Borrowings and Fitzgerald portrayals.Time shows how Gatsby tries to re-incarnate the past by showing to Daisy that he has changed himself so that hopefully their â€Å"love† can Dollops once again UT D tens Illusion ones when Gatsby ales Wendell In ten sonnets the love that is shared between Elizabeth and her lover is restorative and transcendent and goes beyond death where it will continue to grow. Love is shown by both texts to be powerful and necessary for fulfillment. Elizabeth Barrett Browning suggests that love is not only possible but necessary whereas Fitzgerald sees that love may be necessary but is not possible.

Ethical egoism Essay

Ethical egoism is a doctrine under normative ethics which prescribes a moral agent to act in accordance to one’s own self-interest. It states that what one’s self-interest may in one way or another proves to have harmful, favorable or neutral effects on other people. One should also take note of the fact that ethical egoism is not synonymous to rational egoism or individualism. Rational egoism is a form of egoism who claims that it is rational to act in accordance to one’s self-interest. The difference could mostly be seen on the fact that rational egoism does not claim that egoism is ethically imperative. There are people who criticize ethical egoism on the basis that the latter does not take other’s well-beings into consideration. There are even claims that ethical egoism makes a moral agent abstain from taking the well-being of other people into consideration when determining when an action is morally right or not. One should not fall into this line of thinking since ethical egoism does not necessitates that a person abstain from taking other people’s well-being into consideration. As a matter of fact ethical egoism allows a person to take other’s interest into consideration as long as the action a moral agent does is an efficient means in terms of gratifying the self-interest of the moral agent. A great contrast could be seen with ethical egoism and altruism especially since altruism believes in the notion that each individual has a responsibility or obligation of helping others obtain their self-interests. There are three categories under ethical egoism namely, personal ethical egoism, individual ethical egoism and lastly, universal ethical egoism. Personal ethical egoism is the notion that only â€Å"I† should act in accordance to the motive of my own self-interest. However, personal ethical egoism did not state in accordance to what motive should other act to. It is on this basis (it does not generalize or emphasize what others would do) that personal ethical egoism is not considered as an ethical theory. Another factor why such a notion would not be universalizable or could not be considered an ethical theory is the fact that a person could not really suggest others to follow personal ethical egoism since it would go against one’s own self-interest. Individual ethical egoism on the other hand is prescriptive in that it necessitates others in accordance or in pursuance of my own self-interest. However, this belief is also problematic and thus like personal ethical egoism, this belief is also not universalizable. Thus in a way this belief is almost synonymous to solipsism in that the said notion is not justifiable since it does not apply to only one person. This notion is also inconsistent in that it is only applicable to just one person. The problem arises from the fact that no one would really want to serve the self-interest of only one individual. The third category under ethical egoism is universal ethical egoism. The universal ethical egoism is the least problematic of the three since it is a doctrine which pursues the belief that everyone should follow pursue only their own self-interests. However, a problem can still be relocated in this ethical egoism particularly that of the Socratic Paradox which claims that since all human beings have no knowledge of the world there is no way of my knowing what would really serve my own self-interest. Thus it is hard to determine what would really be one’s self-interest. For one what is pleasurable for me may go against my own self-interest such as smoking or drinking. Thus, in a way the last ethical doctrine is still problematic in its own way. Personally I do not advocate nor do I believe in the doctrine of ethical egoism. First and foremost an ethical theory does not have any room for inconsistency and for incompleteness. And in this regard I do not believe that ethical egoism is itself both complete and consistent. First and foremost I believe that the said theory is contradictory in that it contradicts itself in most part. What made me say so is the fact that it permits certain acts to be assessed as both right and wrong in the same time. Therefore, ethical egoism is inconsistent. To further elaborate my point I would make use of a hypothetical example. Say Dianne and Donna joined a beauty contest. According to ethical egoism it is only right and proper for Dianne to praise herself since it pursue her own self interest. On this basis we could say that Dianne’s action is morally right. However, it is not right or proper for Donna to praise Dianne since it would clearly go against the doctrine of ethical egoism since it does not promote Donna’s self-interest. In this regard we could say that praising Dianne is morally wrong for ethical egoism if it is to be done by Donna. Thus this proves to be inconsistent in that while it is right for Dianne to praise herself it is not right for Donna to praise Dianne which makes the act both morally right and wrong. However, one may argue that there is no inconsistency here since the act was done by different people. Thus I will move on to my next set of objections. Let’s say in the same beauty contest I happened to be a judge. Both Dianne and Donna have equal amount of beauty, talent and the like. Clearly whoever wins in the contest would be of no consequence for me since it would not serve my own interest in this regard who am I to choose between Dianne and Donna? Thus, in this instance one could clearly see that if a person has got to be impartial in the instance that a certain things would not serve one’s own self-interest then that particular person would be lost since ethical egoism only tells us to pursue our own interest without giving any advice on what we are supposed to do when a situation calls for our impartiality. Thus in this regard it would suffice for me to say that the theory of ethical egoism in itself is incomplete since when a conflict between the interests of two egoists comes into question, ethical egoism gives no advice on how to solve such problem. It is true that I am no big fan of ethical egoism, but to give ethical egoism justice I admit to the fact that ethical egoism does not necessarily mean that in acting in accordance to my own self-interest it necessitates that I cause harm to other’s self-interest. Another important factor in regards of ethical egoism is the fact that by being an egoist or by acting in my own self-interest I could in a way be also promoting the interest of other people. To further my point let us say that I am born a compassionate person and it always bring me happiness to help other people. In this regard by promoting my own self-interest or by helping others since it makes me happy, I am also helping other people in the process. Another factor is the fact that this world in a way is a give and take world. In order to pursue my own interest I must also take into account other’s interest. Say for example if I want to live a peaceful life I must see to it that I do not harm other people in the process. However, in spite of all the goods one may find in the idea of ethical egoism I still stand firm to my belief against ethical egoism. First and foremost I believe that ethical egoism is a doctrine which is not complete. Secondly, I believe that those people who adhere to ethical egoism do so in expense of restating what one means by self-interest to the point that when one says self-interest they also incorporate other’s interest into the word. Basically, this could clearly be seen on the example I have mentioned above about not harming other people or not putting their interests at stake to insure the safeness of my own self-interests. Another thing I need to point out is that the notion of self-interest is vague and if people go on pursuing their own self-interest then the world would surely be in chaos. Take the issue of slavery as an example. Let us say that it is in my own self-interest to own slaves and to work them to death with no pay whatsoever. By doing this there are those who would condemn my action and the others like me in order to make sure that slavery would no longer take place ever again. And since there are others like me who believes that slavery pursues our own self-interest then surely we would not give way to the abortion of slavery and thus this could lead to a war. Such is one of the troubles one may face if everyone adheres to the belief that the pursuance of one’s self-interest is the best form of ethical theory. There are also other ethical theories such as Kantianism, utilitarianism, Christian ethics and the like which are at odds with ethical egoism. The ethical theories I have mentioned earlier is in contrast with ethical egoism in that they believe that a moral agent is necessitated by the need to take other’s well-being into consideration in determining the moral worth of an action. Utilitarianism for one would see the need for major sacrifice if it means greater benefits for other people. However, believers of ethical egoism may argue that I could also do moral duties to other such as cooperating with other people in order to pursue my own self-interest. However, I say that such a thing would still not be sufficient to justify the position of ethical egoism since if others refuse to cooperate with egoists then there would be no longer any basis on why egoists would still cooperate with other people. His is the main difference between ethical egoism and other ethical theories. Ethical egoism is conditional in its own way whereas Kantianism, Utilitarianism and the like leaves no room for sets of conditions. Another factor I do not like about ethical egoism is the fact that it would always choose the thing which would benefit one’s self the most. Say for example I have to choose between helping those who are experiencing famine in Africa or helping our neighborhood conduct the most extravagant feast in the year then since helping my neighborhood would cause me fame and the like, ethical egoism would require me to choose that which would benefit me most and in this regard it would be helping the neighborhood. Thus this example would prove that ethical egoism ranks one’s interest more than the interest of the majority of people and in this way it is a little bit of on the selfish side even though I must admit that ethical egoism is not wrong in every cases there are still things within the boundary of ethical egoism which I could not bring myself to accept. If egoists makes sacrifice they are only short-term sacrifices. In this regard some egoists may claim that they could convert in other ethical principle if a situation calls for it especially if it would take the cooperation argument a little further. However such conversion would be dangerous. Take this hypothetical example into consideration. Let us say that the world is in big trouble and the only one who could save the world is a blind man. However, that man could not save the world without the sense of sight and the only one who could give him eyesight is me. In this regard it is dangerous for me as an egoist to convert because this conversion would necessitate me to offer my eyesight which would not be serving my personal-interests at all. This is basically some of the reasons why I could not really bring myself to accept ethical egoism. Thus, to summarize, ethical egoism is the belief that a moral agent must pursue his or her own moral interest. However the effect of one’s self-interests to other may vary from one incident to another. It could be detrimental to some people as well as it could be beneficial and neutral in its effect to some. Ethical egoism in itself is not complete since it does not provide a solution when interests of two egoists came into clash. It also does not give an advice on what a neutral bystander would do if he is asked to choose between the two egoists. Ethical egoism is also ineffective in achieving the common good since it always put one’s self interest before the interest for other and although cooperation theorist may believe that they could solve this particular problem of an egoists I believe that it is still not the case especially since the only way for egoists to do it is by conversion which could in most way complicate the matter more. It is on this basis that I do not adhere to the principles of ethical egoism and I guess it suffice for me to say that ethical egoism is lacking in many ways as compared to other ethical theories. Reference: Shaver, Robert. â€Å"Egoism. † Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2002.

Boeing Company Essays

Boeing Company Essays Boeing Company Essay Boeing Company Essay Table of Contents The Boeing 787 Adrenaline . Introduction Table 1 . Milestone for the 8787 A. Table 2. Orders for Boeing and Airbus B. Organization Chart for Boeing Company Officers C. . Marketing and Financing Strategies The weak U. S Dollar Table 3. Serving from weak Dollar Hedging the Strong Dollar The 8787 Global supply Champ Ill. Figure 1. Bringing the parts together in Everett Table 4 Major Parts Suppliers The Boeing 787 Adrenaline has become the fastest-selling, wide body Jet liner is aviation history with a total of 850 orders valued at $ 127 billion placed by 56 customers as of September 2010. Boeing began to take orders of the 8787 Adrenaline after it surveyed its customers in 2001 after the 9/1 1 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, which led to the collapse of commercial air travel. Aviation fuel prices also began to rise due to the increased globalization of business world trade and international business travel especially in the BRICK emerging markets of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Boeing began to take orders for the 8787 after at surveyed its customers and it decided to make the 8787 20% more Fuel-efficient than its other Jet liners. Table 1 Dowel sin Table 1. April 26, Sows ten growth In orders Doglegging Witt Its program launch In Milestones for the 8787 2004 Program Launch with record orders the 50 planes from ANA of Japan. Orders growth to 237 in first year of its sales. July 8, 2007 Roll out of the 8787 prototype in its Premier Showing Orders reach 677. December 15, 2009 First Flight or Madman Voyage f the 8787 October 16, 2011 Entry into Commercial Service by Launch Customers ANA. Orders including cancellations climb to 820 In addition to the consumer survey, Boeing decided not to pursue a fuel-guzzling bubble-Decker development like Airbus had done with its AWAY plane. Orders for the AWAY were showing of the rising aviation fuel prices and the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. In addition overall orders for Boeing Jetliners had fallen behind Airbus orders and top management realized that to recapture Boeings leadership position, it would have to come out with game-changing, new Jet liner, which became the Adrenaline. Table 2 shows the competition between the two manufacturers from 1996 to 2006 Table 2. Comparisons of orders for Airbus and Boeing. Year 1995 1996 1997 Airbus 106 326 Boeing 441 08 1998 1999 2000 556 601 476 520 355 Year Airbus 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 375 300 284 370 1055 790 1341 779 291 465 Boeing 318 251 239 272 1002 1044 1431 662 142 480 Throughout the late sasss Boeing orders were ahead of Airbus but fell behind in 1999 and from 2001 to 2005. This reversed in 2006 as orders for the Adrenaline started to come in, vindicating Boeings decisions to make the plane more fuel- efficient. The three ways that Boeing used to make it more fuel-efficient are: Use of light-weight, carbon-fiber composite plastic material in the wings, body, tail, SSE of the Adrenaline. The carbon composite plastic will be supplied by Torah of Japan. More fuel-efficient engines supplied by GE. And Rolls Royce Development of more efficient fuel systems using advanced technology. The top company officers responsible for this decision are shown on the organization chart of Boeing company officers for 2011 II toner Marketing an A. The weak U. S dollar a Hannibal strategies The weak U. S dollar and strong foreign currency of the buyers greatly reduced the cost of buying the plane. The savings for are Air Canada purchase of one 8787 costing U. S $MM is calculated as follows. The plane is ordered when the exchange rates is U. S$ 1. 00 = C$ 1. 59. The cost in Canadian dollars is C$ 238. M. Six years when delivery and payment for the plane occurs, the exchange rate is U. S. $ 1. 00 = C$ 0. 9623. The cost in Canadian dollars has fallen by C$ 94. MM, which Air Canada saves. The % savings is calculate to be 39. 5% and is shown in Table 3 along with savings for Santa of Australia, LANA of Chile, ANA of Japan. Table 3. Savings from weak dollar. Airline Savings %Savings Air Canada C$94. MM. 5% A$MM 38. 7% Santa Lana (Chile) Chi 30,784. 29. 2% ANA yen 1,024. 5 5. 6% B. Hed ging the strong U. S dollar In the even that the US dollar strengthened against the foreign currency, foreign exchange bankers recommend that the foreign buyer negotiates a long term hedge like the credit or money market hedge good for six years with the buyers bank. Ill. The 87878 Global supply Champ The 8787 will be assembled from sub assembly models made in the United States and abroad and this process follows the modularization assembly techniques of the auto industry. The suppliers help to reduce the cost of the 8787 because they pay for he R D for making their parts according to specifications supplied by Boeing. The suppliers will also be used to help sell the plane to airline in their countries. Table 4 lists the major suppliers like the three Heavy Industries of Japan (Amateurish, Sukiyaki, Fuji), which were instrumental in getting ANA of Japan to place its second order of 50 planes making it the launch customer for 8787. Table 4. Major Parts suppliers Parts Suppliers # Of Engineers Comments Elena of Italy 770 Makes mid fuselage horizontal stabilizers of wings; Italy has NO AIRBUS manufacturing plant Spirit Arrestees of Wichita Kansas 670 Makes SSE section, engine pylons and wing edges.

Thomas Youngs Double Slit Experiment

Thomas Young's Double Slit Experiment Throughout the nineteenth century, physicists had a consensus that light behaved like a wave, in large part thanks to the famous double slit experiment performed by Thomas Young. Driven by the insights from the experiment, and the wave properties it demonstrated, a century of physicists sought out the medium through which light was waving, the luminous ether.  Though the experiment is most notable with light, the fact is that this sort of experiment can be performed with any type of wave, such as water. For the moment, however, well focus on the behavior of light. What Was the Experiment? In the early 1800s (1801 to 1805, depending on the source), Thomas Young conducted his experiment. He allowed light to pass through a slit in a barrier so it expanded out in wave fronts from that slit as a light source (under Huygens Principle). That light, in turn, passed through the pair of slits in another barrier (carefully placed the right distance from the original slit). Each slit, in turn, diffracted the light as if they were also individual sources of light. The light impacted an observation screen. This is shown to the right. When a single slit was open, it merely impacted the observation screen with greater intensity at the center and then faded as you moved away from the center. There are two possible results of this experiment: Particle interpretation: If light exists as particles, the intensity of both slits will be the sum of the intensity from the individual slits. Wave interpretation: If light exists as waves, the light waves will have interference under the principle of superposition, creating bands of light (constructive interference) and dark (destructive interference). When the experiment was conducted, the light waves did indeed show these interference patterns. A third image that you can view is a graph of the intensity in terms of position, which matches with the predictions from interference. Impact of Young's Experiment At the time, this seemed to conclusively prove that light traveled in waves, causing a revitalization in Huygens wave theory of light, which included an invisible medium, ether, through which the waves propagated. Several experiments throughout the 1800s, most notably the famed Michelson-Morley experiment, attempted to detect the ether or its effects directly. They all failed and a century later, Einsteins work in the photoelectric effect and relativity resulted in the ether no longer being necessary to explain the behavior of light. Again a particle theory of light took dominance. Expanding the Double Slit Experiment Still, once the photon theory of light came about, saying the light moved only in discrete quanta, the question became how these results were possible. Over the years, physicists have taken this basic experiment and explored it in a number of ways. In the early 1900s, the question remained how light - which was now recognized to travel in particle-like bundles of quantized energy, called photons, thanks to Einsteins explanation of the  photoelectric effect  - could also exhibit the behavior of waves. Certainly, a bunch of water atoms (particles) when acting together form waves. Maybe this was something similar. One Photon at a Time It became possible to have a light source that was set up so that it emitted one photon at a time. This would be, literally, like hurling microscopic ball bearings through the slits. By setting up a screen that was sensitive enough to detect a single photon, you could determine whether there were or were not interference patterns in this case. One way to do this is to have a sensitive film set up and run the experiment over a period of time, then look at the film to see what the pattern of light on the screen is. Just such an experiment was performed and, in fact, it matched Youngs version identically - alternating light and dark bands, seemingly resulting from wave interference. This result both confirms and bewilders the wave theory. In this case, photons are being emitted individually. There is literally no way for wave interference to take place because each photon can only go through a single slit at a time. But the wave interference is observed. How is this possible? Well, the attempt to answer that question has spawned many intriguing interpretations of  quantum physics, from the Copenhagen interpretation to the many-worlds interpretation. It Gets Even Stranger Now assume that you conduct the same experiment, with one change. You place a detector that can tell whether or not the photon passes through a given slit. If we know the photon passes through one slit, then it cannot pass through the other slit to interfere with itself. It turns out that when you add the detector, the bands disappear. You perform the exact same experiment, but only add a simple measurement at an earlier phase, and the result of the experiment changes drastically. Something about the act of measuring which slit is used removed the wave element completely. At this point, the photons acted exactly as wed expect a particle to behave. The very uncertainty in position is related, somehow, to the manifestation of wave effects. More Particles Over the years, the experiment has been conducted in a number of different ways. In 1961, Claus Jonsson performed the experiment with electrons, and it  conformed  with Youngs behavior, creating interference patterns on the observation screen. Jonssons version of the experiment was voted the most beautiful experiment by  Physics World  readers in 2002. In 1974, technology became able to perform the experiment by releasing a single electron at a time. Again, the interference patterns showed up. But when a detector is placed at the slit, the interference once again disappears. The experiment was again performed in 1989 by a Japanese team that was able to use much more refined equipment. The experiment has been performed with photons, electrons, and atoms, and each time the same result becomes obvious - something about measuring the position of the particle at the slit removes the wave behavior. Many theories exist to explain why, but so far much of it is still conjecture.

The Many Meanings of the French Subject Pronoun On

The Many Meanings of the French Subject Pronoun On More often than not, the modern uses of the French subject pronoun â€Å"on† is a mystery to students of French. Traditional methods teach that â€Å"on† means â€Å"one†. But in today’s French, â€Å"on† is mostly used instead of â€Å"we†. Actually, â€Å"we† is becoming more and more formal, used mostly for writing. When speaking, we use â€Å"on†. Here is how â€Å"on† works 1. On = 3rd person singular verb (ilverb form) The first thing to understand when it comes to â€Å"on†, is that no matter its meaning, â€Å"on† will ALWAYS take a 3rd person singular verb form, like â€Å"il† and â€Å"elle†. On doit, on a, on peut... We must, we have, we can... 2. On = one, people (you) This is the old explanation for â€Å"on†. Honestly, how often do you use the English â€Å"one† in a sentence? So â€Å"on† is the â€Å"impersonal, the unspecific† subject pronoun, but watch out! It’s not at all the same thing as â€Å"it† in English, which refers to a thing or an animal. â€Å"On† always refers to a person. On doit bien chercher - One has to look carefullyOn peut louer une voiture - it’s possible to rent a car In this meaning, you could also translate â€Å"on† as â€Å"people†, or even â€Å"you† - not meaning â€Å"you† in particular, but an unspecific â€Å"you†... that would be a bit more modern than â€Å"one†! En geÃŒ neÃŒ ral, quand on a des enfants, on a une voiture - in general, when people/you have children, people/you have a car. 3. On = we in spoken French Watch out though! When on means we, the verb is still an â€Å"il† form, not a â€Å"nous† form. Olivier et moi, on est contents - Olivier and I, we are happy NOT Olivier et moi on sommes contents. On est, never on sommes. Using on to say we is the most common way of saying â€Å"we† in French nowadays. I use it all the time, so do my parents, so it’s very, very much used this way. â€Å"Nous† is more formal, used in writing or in a formal context. But dont get me wrong, nous is very used as well, and you still need to learn to conjugate the nous verb form! 4. On and the adjective agreements When â€Å"on† means â€Å"we†, the adjective, if any, will agree in number and gender with the true meaning of â€Å"on†: so it will be plural for sure, feminine or masculine. On est contents - we are happyOn n’est pas treÌ€s sportifs - we are not very sporty When â€Å"on† means â€Å"one, you, people†, or an unspecific person, it’s usually masculine singular. Quand on est sportif, on est pas fatigueÃŒ  - when you are sporty, you are not tired. But you have to be smart, and stay focused on the context. Sometime, this unspecific person could only be feminine... Quand on est enceinte, on est fatigueÃŒ e - when you are pregnant, you are tired How To Train to Understand On? If you are serious about learning French, I strongly suggest you find a good French learning audio method. Written French and spoken French are like two different languages, and you need audio - and someone who can not only list the grammar points but explain them well - to conquer French. I suggest you take a look at  my own French learning method  as well as my article on the  Best French tools for the self-learning student. For more about French subject pronouns, I suggest you read my lessons: - introduction to French subject pronouns which will answer questions such as what is a subject pronoun, how to figure out the subject in French? What does the first person plural mean? and other useful information for you to understand the grammatical jargon French books and teachers use. - Singular French subject pronouns for a detailed study of je, tu, il and elle. -  Plural French subject pronouns for a detailed study of nous, vous, ils and elles. I post exclusive mini lessons, tips, pictures and more daily on my Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest  pages - so join me there! https://www.facebook.com/frenchtoday https://twitter.com/frenchtoday https://www.pinterest.com/frenchtoday/

Review of George Orwells Homage to Catalonia Essay

Review of George Orwells Homage to Catalonia - Essay Example I could not help thinking that it would be even luckier not to be shot at all"i. These revelations remained with Blair for the rest of his life. These are the origins of Homage to Catalonia, and a later article called "Looking back on the Spanish War", in which a clear description of Orwell's "Here, we are, soldiers of a revolutionary army, defending Democracy against Fascism, fighting a war which is about something, and the detail of our lives is just as sordid and degrading as it could be in prison"ii. He also felt that he needed to write a story which told the tale of the war from the perspective of a soldier, not a journalist: "Throughout the fighting, I never made the correct 'analysis' of the situation that was so glibly made by journalists hundreds of miles away."iii. Orwell clearly despises this kind of journalism which distanced itself from the events. In fact, he had gone to Catalonia with the intention of writing a serious of articles about it, but quickly changed his mind: "I had come to Spain with some notion of writing newspaper articles, but had joined the militia almost immediately, because at that time and i n that atmosphere it seemed the only conceivable thing to do"iv. Or Orwell begins Homage to Catalonia, not with an account of the political events, or even to his decision to join the army, but with an account of meeting another foreigner fighting on the Communists' side: "It was the face of a man who could commit murder and throw away his life for a friend - the king of face you would expect in an Anarchist, though as likely as not he was a communist"v. He emphasizes how this was clear in his personal memory because of its intimate connection with "That period of the war - the red flags in Barcelona, the gaunt trains full of shabby soldiers creeping to the front, the grey war-stricken towns farther up the line, the muddy, ice-cold trenches in the mountains"vi. This launches the chapter into a very descriptive narrative of the Scene in Catalonia when Orwell/Blair signed up to the army. Much of it these passages read like 'scene setting' in a novel: churches are being demolished, shops and even bootblacks are collectivized, and everyone calls each oth er 'comrade', and says 'hello' instead of 'good day', a communist paradise: "I believed that things were as they appeared, that this was really a workers State, and that the entire bourgeoisie hadfledI did not realize that great numbers of well-to-dowere simply lying low".vii. Despite of this positive image of the town, where people are free, Orwell is careful to remind us that this is a nation in conflict: "There was something of the evil atmosphere of war. The town had a gaunt untidy look, roads and buildings were in poor repairthere was a shortage of coal, sugar and petrol, and a really serious shortage of bread"viii. He also underlines that many of those fighting in the war were civilian militias, poorly trained and idealistic, rather than like an army; even the clothes were unlike an organized army: "Everyone's clothes followed the same general plan, but they were never quite the same in any two cases"ix. The second chapter

Casual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Casual analysis - Essay Example Although scientists want to make us believe that embryos are not humans, they have done studies to demonstrate that development of humans starts from fertilization to adulthood. This depicts that though embryos may not be rational, they represent a stage through which all humans must pass and without which no human would be in existence (Family Research Council Web). Human embryonic stem cell research is a controversial issue not just in United States in all nations where scientists have attempted to seek government funding for the research. President Bush banned federal funding on stem cell research involving human embryo. However, irrespective of the controversies surrounding the human embryonic stem cell research, President Obama lifted the ban allowing research in human embryonic stem cell to be funded by federal government. This paper argues that the lifting of the ban on embryonic stem cell research was erroneous since embryonic stem cell research will result in negative effect s. Additionally, the paper will demonstrate how federal funding, state funding, and debates on the media have encouraged continuance of embryonic stem cell research irrespective of the several negative impacts associated with the research. Human embryonic stem cell research is a research that involves manipulation of stem cell extracted from an embryo. For the cells to be extracted, the embryo must be destroyed. Jamie Thomson initiated the embryonic stem cell research in 1998. The research involves removal of embryonic cells from an embryo and culturing them in the laboratory for research on human diseases (â€Å"The Witherspoon Council on Ethics and the Integrity of Science† 129-133). The cells are preferred by scientists due to their great capacity to develop into different body cells. Since its start, embryonic stem cell research has aggravated serious controversies in the political, ethical, and religious arenas. However, stem cell research is wide and it involves use of adult stem cells as well as embryonic stem cells. The use of adult stem cells is not controversial since it does not involve dehumanizing acts. The main controversy is that the embryonic stem cell research involves sacrificing of human life, which is unethical since the embryos used for the research do not survive (Family Research Council Web; James 8-9; Robertson 193-195). Every scientific study is required to follow certain ethical principles. One such principle is that it should work towards raising the human dignity. In case of embryonic stem cell research, there is great disregard for human life. The argument that an embryo cannot be considered a human has already been disapproved by cloning, which has shown that life begins at conception. Therefore, treating embryos that are below fourteen days old as non-humans is unethical. The pre-embryo and post embryo distinctions used by embryonic stem cell researchers to validate their practices is not justifiable (â€Å"The Witherspoo n Council on Ethics and the Integrity of Science† 132-135). The stem cell research is surrounded by many ethical questions. The main ethical question regards the morality of destroying human embryos that have the potential of developing into independent beings. Although supporters of this research argue that the embryos used for research are not obtained from the human uterus but produced in the laboratories, the research is still unethical. Creating life to destroy it is erroneous (Family Research

Comparison Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparison - Research Paper Example This concise overview will further analyze the history of public health and look at the difference between the community health and public health. Public Health Resources Public health refers to the medical approach that covers the health issues of the entire community. Public health resources facilitate providing health services to the public through an integrated and coordinated approach. The public health resources range from the health infrastructure to the health personnel and the health information services. Public health has several core functions, which include the monitoring and assessment of the populations and communities health and identifying priorities and problems (Cromley & McLafferty, 2011). Further, public health contributes in the public policies formulation to address the national and local priorities and problems. Lastly, public health ensures that citizens access cost-effective and appropriate care, which includes services of health promotion, health care evalua tion, and disease prevention. The practice of public health in Clinton County occupied a central place to ensure public welfare of her residents. Public health in Clinton County has contributed immensely in disease diagnosis, disease prevention, health promotion and prolonging life through community efforts organized for environment sanitation (Cromley & McLafferty, 2011). ... Clinton County is situated in Pennsylvania State; most of the public health resources in these localities are similar. These resources provide residents with continuous evaluation of the community's healthcare needs, as well as epidemiology and surveillance. Further, both Clinton County and Pennsylvania State have public health resources that track the patterns of treatable and preventable diseases, referral services to patients who require such services. Other resources include immunization services, public health response and emergency planning, environmental protection and community awareness through outreach programs. The national public health resources are broad, and they do not concentrate on any single provision. Instead, the national public health resources are general, and they are disbursed to the respective counties and states to ensure that they reach the citizens (Cromley & McLafferty, 2011). Therefore, the national public health resources cover the entire nation, and t he resources facilitate the health activities at county and state levels to ensure that the public receive high quality health services. The history of public health services dates back to 1798 after an act was passed to cater for the health needs of merchant seamen who were injured. In 1870, the entire hospitals were controlled by the state from a central point; this happened to give room for efficient supervision. The hospitals that were controlled from a central place formed the Marine Hospital Service. The scope of this hospital service widened, and the hospital started to undertake other complex activities besides caring for the seamen. In 1902, the Marine Hospital Service was controlling the spread of diseases through quarantines.

Short essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Short essays - Essay Example The group has independent variable, which is tested against observed changes. Control group separates the group from the experiment; independent variable in this group has no effect over results. 1. The position the author take in this article is the characteristic of Tom DeLay. The article illustrates that the un-Texan politician is usually mean. This implies that he has some weaknesses as a politician in the Texas polls. 2. The author illustrates that Tom DeLay, the former Congressman and also Texan Republican, uses unique political tactics in Texas. He is a well intentioned politician, who has agreeable political weaknesses. For instance, he is genuinely feared and hated in Washington. 3. The rhetorical devices used in this article aims at conveying a meaning, with the purpose of persuading opinion. The author illustrates that Tom DeLay is hated and feared by other Washington politicians, because he is mean and has foolish behaviors. 1. The premise employed by the author illustrates commitment to political doctrines. Political debates continuously happen, because void political opinions. If a political belief is proved to be true, individuals must be intolerant to the other beliefs. 2. The article concludes that the political positions generate rewards through fixing social problems. Individuals who have different opinions are instrumental in determining the rightness of a given political issue. In the illustration, the presumed cause is the previous incarnation, while presumed effect is blue eyes. This example illustrates an example that is not easily tested. This is because previous incarnation details are vague and void. There is an appropriate way of testing the blue eyes situation. This is through a laboratory experiment (Born,

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 125

Assignment Example Anyone can love anything; the sphere of loving someone or something is not limited. To love and to be loved is the greatest joy that is considered by many people around us. Love is different from lust. Love defines the purity of emotions towards a person whereas lust is centered towards the fulfillment of one’s sexual desires (James Giles). Therefore, it can be said that there is nothing as pure as a mother’s love for her child which is free of any returns and response from the child. Different people think differently about what freedom is. For some people freedom is a name of free will, while others believe that expression of thoughts, ideas and speech is the freedom. There are also few people who believe that freedom lies in doing whatever one wants without analyzing its influence on the lives of other people. In true meaning, freedom extends liberty to a person in a restricted sphere where one should not damage the laws and customs of the society. Freedom is conveying your message and showing your actions to others, the way you want to without pressurizing other people to follow your commandments. Freedom is gaining control over your actions and speech without any

The Book by Eric Weiner The Geography of Happiness Essay

The Book by Eric Weiner The Geography of Happiness - Essay Example It is interesting to see how Weiner tries to find explanations for these high happiness ratings. During the chapter discussing Switzerland, Weiner begins to discuss the reasons for Swiss happiness. He surmises that one of the major reasons behind the happiness of this neutral nation is that they experience their emotions in moderation, neither being very happy or very sad. This may seem like a strange suggestion to make when discussing happiness, as perhaps it may seem necessary to experience happiness at the extreme to feature highly on the Gross National Happiness scale. In this case, we can say that there may be a link between geographical location and happiness, as the neutrality of the country seems to have had an impact on the neutrality of the people, and this leads to happiness. Another thing that Weiner mentions in his discussions of Switzerland is that the Swiss feel a huge connection with nature, and the way that geography contributes to this source of happiness is that Switzerland has a beautiful natural environment. Many other things are mentioned in the discussion of Switzerland, such as their huge wealth (and thus surmising that the Swiss should feel less envy than those in other countries) and their tendency to vote often (thus surmising that democracy is the route to happiness) and these too can be linked geographically to the Gross National Happiness index. These latter two reasons Weiner are also associated with Iceland, a wealthy country with a well-established democratic government. Weiner also gives other reasons which may contribute to the happiness of the Icelandic people, one of which is a tendency towards the creative. Weiner even goes on to suggest that everyone in Iceland is a poet and a dreamer, and perhaps this leads to a large number of extremely happy people here.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 125

Assignment Example Anyone can love anything; the sphere of loving someone or something is not limited. To love and to be loved is the greatest joy that is considered by many people around us. Love is different from lust. Love defines the purity of emotions towards a person whereas lust is centered towards the fulfillment of one’s sexual desires (James Giles). Therefore, it can be said that there is nothing as pure as a mother’s love for her child which is free of any returns and response from the child. Different people think differently about what freedom is. For some people freedom is a name of free will, while others believe that expression of thoughts, ideas and speech is the freedom. There are also few people who believe that freedom lies in doing whatever one wants without analyzing its influence on the lives of other people. In true meaning, freedom extends liberty to a person in a restricted sphere where one should not damage the laws and customs of the society. Freedom is conveying your message and showing your actions to others, the way you want to without pressurizing other people to follow your commandments. Freedom is gaining control over your actions and speech without any

John F. Kennedy and Hillary Rodham Clinton Essay

John F. Kennedy and Hillary Rodham Clinton - Essay Example Perhaps the most popular statement echoing the core principle of American democracy was spoken by Kennedy himself during his inaugural address: "And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man." (Kennedy) First and foremost, what is democracy The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy defines it to be "direct participation of the members of a society in deciding on the laws and policies of the society or it may involve the participation of those members in selecting representatives to make the decisions" (Christiano). As such, Kennedy's statement was a call for the active participation of the citizenry. Similarly, one of Clinton's most notable and memorable quotes throughout her political career echoes this same sentiment: "Voting is the most precious right of every citizen, and we have a moral obligation to ensure the integrity of our voting process." (HillaryClintonQuotes) John F. Kennedy, more commonly known as Jack, was not immediately attracted to a life of politics albeit growing up with a highly political family. In a biography by Robert Dallek, Kennedy had been credited for saying, "I never thought at school or college that I would ever run for office myself. . . . I hadn't considered myself a political type, and [it was my brother that] filled all the requirements for political success." (Dallek 117) The Kennedys were rather well known in the arena of politics, and their heritage of Democrats dates back generations. On the other hand, Hillary Rodham Clinton had always been interested in a life of politics. She proclaims, "I was interested in politics from an early age, and I loved to hone my debating skills with my friends. . . I ran for student council and junior class Vice President. I was also an active Young Republican" (Clinton 21). She had indeed begun her political awareness with the influence of her father who was an extremist Republican, but Clinton had eventually developed her own opinions at Wellesley College as she had participated in many political-flavored events. By graduation, she had become a full-fledged Democrat. Though Kennedy had more opportunity to provide service and leadership to the United States because he was elected President, Clinton likewise had her fair share of responsibility as First Lady. It is apparent from their respective stays in the White House, however, that their styles of governance are of different quality. Kennedy was ultimately very anti-communist, while Clinton had subscribed to certain socialist strategies with regard to capitalism. One of the most apparent differences between Clinton and Kennedy is that the latter was loved by most, while Clinton had always been and remains to be controversial in the eyes of many. She is most remembered and criticized for the demeanor with which she had handled her husband's adulterous affair at the Oval Office and her confrontational, no-nonsense attitude. Her political career has been tainted with rumor and gossip. Conversely, it is only admiration and almost veneration that people feel for Kennedy. While Clinton lacks in charm and appeal, Kennedy is

Paul Rand Essay Example for Free

Paul Rand Essay Paul Rand (born Peretz Rosenbaum, August 15, 1914 – November 26, 1996) was a well-known American graphic designer, best known for his corporate logo designs. He designed many posters and corporate identities, including the logos for IBM, UPS, ABC and Westinghouse. Paul Rand portrayed abstract ideas with clarity that resonated with viewers. In his work, Rand recast modern art as something innocuous for the average patron, and no longer a radical political manifesto. This adoption of modernist ideas to mainstream communication shifted the work from rebellious to insightful. One of his strengths was his ability as a salesman to explain the needs his identities would address for the corporation. Rand used the avant garde movements as inspiration for his own style. He came to appreciate a relationship between geometric form and color through the works of artists like Wassily Kandinsky, Adolphe Mouron Cassandre and Moholy Nagy as well as an understanding of line through the works of artists such as Paul Klee. Rand developed elements from these artists and fused them with the American Modernist Movement that grew out of the 1930’s. Modernism was a movement that continued to change and grow as the twentieth century progressed. During Rand’s time, modernist art expression started to merge with American pop culture. Other designers of the time, such as Lester Beall, Saul Bass and Bradbury Thompson embraced this exposure of design to the mainstream through advertising, logo design, poster design, book jackets, packaging, etc. Most of these artist’s works from the time incorporate bold color, basic geometric form, playful typography and an obvious experimentation with formal decision-making. These elements are repeated in Paul Rand’s work but in a style that is indicatively his own.

Diversity Management In The Workplace Commerce Essay

Diversity Management In The Workplace Commerce Essay Diversity management in the workplace has been one of many organisational issues due to factors such as globalisation and the emerging age, cultural and individual differences that emerge as a result of this new challenging world. The purpose of this essay is to explore the topic of diversity as it relates to the workplace by discussing perspectives from human resource management (HRM) perspectives and to investigate the barriers to workplace diversity. Through the discussion, the advantages of diversity will be discussed with an importance on the implications for the HR function of the organization. There is an intense need to identify the external and internal factors that influence the HRM functions and practices. The essay also identifies how successful companies like Telstra, ANZ bank and many others have managed the impact of various internal and external factors to become one of the leaders in their industry. Human resource management has achieved significant importance in rec ent years both in terms of theory and practice in corporations today that cannot be ignore as the importance of managing human capital in order to achieve their goals and objectives. Workplace diversity relates to the presence of differences among members of the workforce (DNetto Sohal, 1999). By creating diverse workforce organizations, they are able to make the ideas, creativity, and potential contributions inherent in a diverse workforce (Aghazadeh, 2004). Diversity in the workplace includes culture, gender, nationality, sexual orientation, physical abilities, social class, age, socio-economic status, and religion (Sadri Tran, 2002). These individual characteristics shape an individuals perception about their environment and how they communicate (Kramar, 1998). The action attempts to monitor and control diversity in an organisation and in doing so, senior management can affect the hiring and promotion of individuals (Sadri Tran, 2002). An organisation assumes new individuals or groups will adapt to the standard of the organisation, and will not resist due to fears of reverse discrimination (Sadri Tran, 2002). Valuing diversity can allow an organisation to focus the benefits of the differences, therefore developing an environment where all individuals are valued and accepted (Sadri Tran, 2002). Those members who feel valued to their organisation tend to be harder working, more involved and innovative (Agahazadeh, 2004). Valuing Diversity can affect employees attitudes positively, however resistance can be experienced due to a fear of change and individuals discomfort with differences (Sadri Tran, 2002.) Finally, managing diversity is when organisations build specific skills and create policies which obtain the best values of each employe e, which will create new ways of working together (Sadri Tran, 2002). It will provide an opportunity for organisations to manage a workforce which highlight both organisational and individual performance, whilst still acknowledging individual needs (Kramar, 1998). Although diversity has always existed in organisations, individuals tend to limit their diversity in order to conform to the rule of the organisation and fit into the stereotype of the typical employee (Kramar, 1998). Mismanagement of diversity as a result of unfavorable treatment can inhibit employees working abilities and motivation, which can lead to a lowered job performance (Aghazadeh, 2004). If an environment works well for employees, diversity will work against the organisation, hence the lack of an enabling environment (Kramar, 1998). These fundamental components of workplace diversity can be further viewed through the varying perspectives of union groups, HRM professionals and organisations. Management aims to maximise the contribution of all staff to work towards organisational objectives through forming guiding teams for diversity, training to improve languages and celebrating success. Unions however, implement diversity differently (Barrile Cameron, 2004). There are many HRM perspectives that relate to diversity management in organisations. Most of these HRM perspectives lead towards the contention that a successful diversity management policy can lead to a more competitive, functional organisation. In light of the perspectives and rationales discussed in the HRM literature, there a range of implications for HR managers concerning diversity in the workplace. Management of diversity relates to equal employment opportunity, but effective diversity management goes beyond the basic requirements of an equal opportunity workplace (Barrile Cameron, 2004). It is important for HR to determine an effective diversity management policy to be able to encourage a more diverse workplace. The most important job for senior HR managers is to consider how diversity will benefit the organisation and how to define its role in the context of the organisation (Kreitz, 2008). An organisations diversity policy should aim to establish an heterogeneous workforc e that is able to work to its full capacity in an environment where no member, or for that matter group of members, have an advantage or disadvantage based on their individual differences (Torres Bruxelles, 1992, as cited in DNetto Sohal, 1999). In exercising their role, HR managers must constantly apply the principles of diversity in order to maximise and sustain the benefits of a diverse workforce. This means HR managers need to be able to link recruitment, selection, development and retention policies to the overall diversity policy of the organisation (Yakura, 1996). Furthermore, the they should be carried out with a direct link to the overall business goals, the various shifts in the labour market as well as the more contemporary effects of globalisation (Cunningham Green, 2007). There are three initiatives that an organisation should utilise to increase the efficiency of its diversity policy. Firstly, there is a need for HR, when recruiting, to increase the representation in the workplace of historically excluded groups (Conrad Linnehan, 1995). Secondly, the diverse workforce needs to have the necessary empowerment to influence, or at least have input to organisational decision making (Cunningham Green, 2007). More strategic implications for diversity management exist that recognise the emergence of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). Such implications include building diversity strategies into an overall future success plan, integrating diversity practices with senior management practices and encouraging career development opportunities for all employees (Cunningham Green, 2007). Ultimately, managing diversity should promote competitive edge in the organisation by recruiting the most appropriate people for the job regardless of their perceived differences (DNetto Sohal, 1999). ANZ ORG check anz, 2008 ANZ Bank has responded to the common trends of the Australian workforce with programs to attract and retain a diverse environment that reflects their customer base (ANZ, 2010). An organisation is focused on creating an inclusive culture where all employees are able to contribute, as they believe that diversity and inclusion are essential for high business performance (ANZ, 2010). By managing diversity within the organisation, ANZ is provided with the best talent and a wide variety of experience to achieve success within a global workforce. These organisations have made efforts to create a diverse working environment through varying HRM practices. For example, HRM within ANZ created the My Difference survey which surveyed more than 13, 500 employees (ANZ, 2010). Within this survey, HR is able to develop a demographic picture of the workforce and gather feedback on how their employees perceive diversity and inclusion within the organisation. ANZ also founded the Diversity Council, which introduces policies and sponsors events to create a more inclusive culture (ANZ, 2010). The council attempts to increase awareness by supporting events like the Australian Open where it is considered one of the worlds premier sporting events (ANZ, 2010). Its known as the Grand Slam of the Asia Pacific where the Australian Open has a strong Australian heritage, as well as having widely recognised appeal as a regional event in New Zealand, the Pacific and Asia.  ANZ will sponsor the Australian Open for 3 years from 2010 (ANZ, 2010). HR in ANZ has implemented a range of human resource strategies. Disability awareness, plans in the companies outline strategies to increase support and inclusion for customers and staff of the organisation, which include premises being wheelchair accessible (ANZ, 2010). Besides that, in order to promote age balance, mature age employees are offered flexible working conditions to suit their changing lifestyle (ANZ, 2010). Culturally the banks have planned to help indigenous Australians improve their wellbeing and money management skills. ANZ celebrates cultural diversity by holding Annual Cultural Week (ANZ, 2010). Diversity within an organisation can be difficult and expensive to accomplish. Substantial barriers exist in both overcoming laws related to workplace diversity, the actual process of implementing it within an organisation and also the internal characteristics of the individual. The current legislation related to workplace diversity essentially creates an environment in which employers cannot recruit purely on the basis of a desired attribute. The main acts concerned are the Racial Discrimination Act (1975), the Sex Discrimination Act (1984), the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act (1984), the Occupational Health and Safety (Commonwealth Employment) Act (1991), the Disability Discrimination Act (1991) and the Workplace Relations Act (1996) (Williams, 2001.) These laws essentially shape a scenario for employees where if a desired attribute is sought after, the job must be made appealing to that particular group of people without impairing the opportunity for any other group to obtain the position under the requirements of the legislation. If a diversity program is unlikely to be profitable it will not be implemented (Bilimoria, Joy, Liang, 2008). The monetary benefits such as new customers, better culture and strategic advantage involved in implementing such diversity need to outweigh the costs by gaining diversity at the expense of skill involved in pursuing it. The HR department within the organisation has a difficult task in convincing senior management that a diversity program can be beneficial to the organisation (DNetto Sohal, 1999).The argument often provided by senior management against workplace diversity is that it is disruptive to productivity and causes imbalance in the workplace (DNetto Sohal, 1999). As a result, the HR function need to be able to present the many advantages of diversity, and provide strong strategic reasoning to ensure that an effective diversity management is implemented. An organisation may also have barriers in their practices, culture and policies (Bilimoria, Joy, Liang, 2008). Resolving these issues has benefits for both the legality of the operating of the organisation and the multiplicity of their workforce. If senior management participated in only male orientated social events, such as attending football match, it may alienate women who generally may not participate in such events. Policy can also break both legality and potential for diversity by enforcing requirements such as 10 years continual service to an organisation in order to receive promotion into senior management. This continual service factor discriminates against women who are likely to have children, as it will exclude many from the opportunity to obtain the job. However, it is the individual differences within each person that provide the biggest challenge to achieving diversity. Individual differences amongst people are a major hurdle to workplace diversity, as most people feel comfortable when working in homogeneous groups (Kreitz, 2008). The presence of diverse others places employees outside of their comfort zone and makes people resist embracing the presence of others. Furthermore, research by Kreitz (2008) shows that humans, and organisations as well, are in nature highly resistant to change, further complicating the successful implementation of diversity. Another individual, and highly problematic, barrier to diversity is the language barrier that exists to culturally diverse others. This prevents, and in some cases discourages, the full integration of cultural differences within organisations (Kreitz, 2008). Diversity is clearly beneficial to the organisation. Managing diversity should involve utilising the cultural differences in peoples skills and embracing the diverse range of ideas and skills that exist in a diverse workplace in order to ultimately give the organisation a competitive edge. Benefits to diversity clearly outweigh the costs and evident advantages to workplace diversity are supported by various union groups and HRM practitioners. In order to be successful, diversity must be implemented within a strict legal framework and overcome hurdles relating to the practices and policies of organisations, as well as internal, individual barriers.

Importance of Fidelity in Julius Caesar :: Julius Caesar Essays

Importance of Fidelity in Julius Caesar Humans have always been communal animals. They band together in groups, for social and survival needs. This sense of community brings about the values of dedication and loyalty. The alliances man has created inspires stories and plays about any number of time periods. Many examples of fidelity are illustrated in the characters of Julius Caesar. Antonius appears to be blindly loyal to Caesar. He comes off as a rash supporter in the scene that depicts Antonius viewing Caesar's body. Another situation where Antonius displays fidelity to Caesar is act one, scene two, in which the young runner pledges that whatever Caesar wishes is his command. The wild soliloquy he gives illustrates his allegiance to the slain king, and he seems to sacrifice his body to Caesar's spirit. Such devote feelings spur the reader to wonder what deed Caesar did for Antonius that the younger man would harbor said emotions. Not only the men of Julius Caesar but the women also show loyalty. Although Caesar's wife, Calpurnia, portrays herself as a needy woman, she also shows that she loves her husband very much. Fear overwhelms her when Caesar announces that, though he's been warned that the day would be his deathday, he would go outside. Calpurnia's dread of losing her husband shows that she depends on him very much. However, it is questionable in which way she depends on him: emotionally or monetarily. A woman accustomed to being pampered as an important official's wife would likely wish for her wealthy husband to live, and Calpurnia does give the impression that she is high maintenance. However, it would be unfair to claim she is only loyal to Caesar's money. Portia, on the other hand, is one of the most famous examples of a pledge of faith. She feels hurt that her husband, Brutus, would keep secrets from her because she has never done anything to harm him. She shows him how great her love for him without words by stabbing herself in the thigh, although her eloquent speech is moving as well: "I have made a strong proof of my constancy giving myself a voluntary wound here, in the thigh; can I bear that with patience, and not my husband's secrets?

Financial Ratios for East Coast Yachts

Question 1: Financial ratios for East Coast Yachts: Current ratio| =| Current Assets| | | Debt-equity ratio| =| Total liabilities| | | Current Liabilities| | | | | Total equity| | =| $14,651,000 | | | | =| $19,539,000 + $33,735,000| | | $19,539,000 | | | | | $55,341,000 | | =| 0. 75| | | | =| 0. 96| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Quick ratio| =| Current Assets – Inventory| | | Equity multiplier| =| Total assets| | | Current Liabilities| | | | | Total equity| | =| $14,651,000 – $6,136,000| | | | =| $108,615,000 | | | $19,539,000 | | | | | $55,341,000 | | =| 0. 44| | | | =| 1. 96| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total asset turnover| =| Sales| | | Interest coverage| =| EBIT| | | Total Assets| | | | | Interest| | =| $167,310,000 | | | | =| $23,946,000 | | | $108,615,000 | | | | | $3,009,000 | | =| 1. 54| | | | =| 7. 96| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Inventory turnover| =| COGS| | | Profit margin| =| Net Income| | | Inventory| | | | | Sales| | =| $117,910,000 | | | | =| $1 2,562,200 | | | $6,136,000 | | | | | $167,310,000 | | =| 19. 22| | | | =| 7. 51%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Receivables turnover| =| Sales| | | Return on assets| =| Net Income| | | Accounts receivable| | | | | Total assets| =| $167,310,000 | | | | =| $12,562,200 | | | $5,473,000 | | | | | $108,615,000 | | =| 30. 57| | | | =| 11. 57%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Debt ratio| =| Total assets – Total equity| | | Return on equity| =| Net Income| | | Total assets| | | | | Total equity| | =| $108,615,000 – $55,341,000| | | | =| $12,562,200 | | | $108,615,000 | | | | | $55,341,000 | | =| 0. 49| | | | =| 22. 70%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Question 2: | | East Coast Yachts| | Yacht Industry Ratios| | | | | Lower Quartile| Median| Upper Quartile| Current ratio| | 0. 75| | 0. 50| 1. 43| 1. 9| Quick ratio| | 0. 44| | 0. 21| 0. 38| 0. 62| Total asset turnover| | 1. 54| | 0. 68| 0. 85| 1. 38| Inventory turnover| | 19. 22| | 4. 89| 6. 15| 10. 89| Receivables turnover| | 30. 57| | 6. 27| 9. 82| 14. 11| Debt ratio| | 0. 49| | 0. 44| 0. 52| 0. 61| Debt-equity ratio| | 0. 96| | 0. 79| 1. 08| 1. 56| Equity multiplier| | 1. 96| | 1. 79| 2. 08| 2. 56| Interest coverage| | 7. 96| | 5. 18| 8. 06| 9. 83| Profit margin| | 7. 51%| | 4. 05%| 6. 98%| 9. 87%| Return on assets| | 11. 57%| | 6. 05%| 10. 53%| 13. 21%| Return on equity| | 22. 70%| | 9. 93%| 16. 54%| 26. 15%|The liquidity ratio shows that the company has less liquidity as compare to the whole industry. East Coast Yachts current ratio is below the median industry ratio and the quick ratio is positioned at the median industry ratio. This indicates that the company may access to short-term borrowing. Referring to the turnover ratio, all the three ratios, I. e. total asset turnover, inventory turnover and receivables turnover are higher than upper quartile industry ratio. This indicates that the company is more efficient among the whole industry in using its assets to generate sales.The financial levera ge ratios, which include the debt ratio, debt-equity ratio, equity multiplier and interest coverage, are all below the median industry ratio, but higher than the lower quartile. This shows that East Coast Yachts is having less debt than the other companies in the industry, but is still within the normal range. The profit margin, return on assets as well as return on equity of the company are higher than the industry median. This shows that the company’s profitability is performing well among the whole industry.As an overall, East Coast Yachts is performing well in the industry, while more concentration would only be required to be placed on the liquidity ratios. Question 3: Return on equity = 22. 70% Retention ratio (b)| =| Net income – Dividends| | | Net Income| | =| $12,562,200 – $7,537,320| | | $12,562,200 | | =| 40%| Sustainable growth rate (SGR) = Return on equity x Retention ratio = 22. 70% x 0. 4 = 9. 08% Increase in assets| =| Assets| x| ? Sales| | | Sal es| | | | =| $108,615,000 | x| (167,310,000 x 9. 08%)| | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| $9,862,242. 00 | | | | | | | |Increase in spontaneous liabilities| =| Spontaneous liabilities| x| ? Sales| | | Sales| | | | =| $6,461,000 | x| (167,310,000 x 9. 08%)| | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| $ 586,658. 80 | | | | | | | | Retention ratio (b)| =| Addition to RE| | | | | Net income| | | | =| $5,024,880 | | | | | $12,562,200 | | | | =| 40%| | | | | | | | Profit margin| =| Net income| | | | | Sales| | | | =| $12,562,200 | | | | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| 8%| | | | | | | | Increase in equity| =| PM x Projected sales x retention ratio| | =| 8% x ($167,310,000 x 1. 0908) x 0. 4| | =| $5,840,055. 94 | | | | | | | | External Funds Needed (EFN)| =| Increase in assets – Increase in spontaneous liabilities – Increase in equity| | =| $9,862,242. 00 – $586,658 – $5,840,056| | =| $3,435,527. 26 | | | | | | | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Income Statement| | | Sales| | 182 ,501,748| | | Cost of goods sold| | 128,616,228| | | Other expenses| | 21,809,455| | | Depreciation| | 5,460,000| (Assume constant)| Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)| 26,616,065| | | Interest| | 3,009,000| (Assume constant)|Taxable income| | 23,607,065| | | Taxes (40%)| | 9,442,826| | | Net Income| | 14,164,239| | | Dividends| | 8,221,709| | | Addition to RE| | 5,481,139| | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Balance Sheet| | | Assets| | | | | Current assets| | | | | Cash| | 3,318,214| | | Accounts receivable| | 5,969,948| | | Inventory| | 6,693,149| | | Total| | 15,981,311| | | Fixed assets| | | | | Net plant and equipment| | 102,495,931| | | | | | | | | | | | | Total assets| | 118,477,242| | | | | | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities| | | | | Accounts payable| | 7,047,659| | | Notes payable| | 14,265,482| | |Total| | 21,313,141| | | | | | | | Long term debt| | 33,735,000| | | | | | | | Shareholders' equity| | | | | Common stock| | 5,200,000| | | Retaine d earnings| | 54,693,803| | | Total equity| | 59,893,803| | | | | | | | Total liabilities and equity| | 114,941,944| | | | | | | | EFN| | 3,535,298| | | Current ratio| =| Current Assets| | Debt-equity ratio| =| Total liabilities| | | Current Liabilities| | | | Total equity| | =| $15,981,311 | | | =| $21,313,141 + $33,735,000| | | $21,313,141 | | | | 59,893,803 | | =| 0. 75| | | =| 0. 92| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Quick ratio| =| Current Assets – Inventory| | Equity multiplier| =| Total assets| | | Current Liabilities| | | | Total equity| | =| $15,981,311 – $6,693,149| | | =| $118,477,242 | | | $21,313,141 | | | | $59,893,803 | | =| 0. 44| | | =| 1. 98| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total asset turnover| =| Sales| | Interest coverage| =| EBIT| | | Total Assets| | | | Interest| | =| $182,501,748 | | | =| $26,616,065 | | | $118,477,242 | | | | $3,009,000 | | =| 1. 54| | | =| 8. 85| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Inventory turnover| =| COGS| | Profit margin| =| Net Income| | | Inventory| | | | Sales| =| $128,616,228 | | | =| $14,164,239 | | | $6,693,149 | | | | $182,501,748 | | =| 19. 22| | | =| 7. 76%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Receivables turnover| =| Sales| | Return on assets| =| Net Income| | | Accounts receivable| | | | Total assets| | =| $182,501,748 | | | =| $14,164,239 | | | $5,969,948 | | | | $118,477,242 | | =| 30. 57| | | =| 11. 96%| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Debt ratio| =| Total assets – Total equity| | Return on equity| =| Net Income| | | Total assets| | | | Total equity| | =| $118,477,242 – $59,893,803| | | =| $14,164,239 | | | $118,477,242 | | | | $59,893,803 | | =| 0. 49| | | =| 23. 5%| | | East Coast Yachts| | | Original ratios| | Based on pro forma| Current ratio| | 0. 75| | 0. 75| Quick ratio| | 0. 44| | 0. 44| Total asset turnover| | 1. 54| | 1. 54| Inventory turnover| | 19. 22| | 19. 22| Receivables turnover| | 30. 57| | 30. 57| Debt ratio| | 0. 49| | 0. 49| Debt-equity ratio| | 0. 96| | 0. 92| Equity multiplier| | 1. 96| | 1. 98| Interest coverage| | 7. 96| | 8. 85| Profit margin| | 7. 51%| | 7. 76%| Return on assets| | 11. 57%| | 11. 96%| Return on equity| | 22. 70%| | 23. 65%| As noted from above, the liquidity and turnover ratio will remain constant assuming growth precisely at 9. 8%. Debt-equity ratio will decreased slightly while equity multiplier and interest coverage increased, assuming interest remain constant. Slight improvement also noted from profit margin, return on assets and return on equity. Question 4: Growth rate| | 20%| | | | | | | | Increase in assets| =| Assets| x| ? Sales| | | Sales| | | | =| $108,615,000 | x| (167,310,000 x 20%)| | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| 21,723,000. 00 | | | | | | | | Increase in spontaneous liabilities| =| Spontaneous liabilities| x| ? Sales| | | Sales| | | | =| $6,461,000 | x| (167,310,000 x 20%)| | $167,310,000 | | | | =| $1,292,200. 00 | | | | | | | | Retention ratio (b)| =| Addition to RE| | | | | Net income| | | | =| $5,024,880 | | | | | $12,562 ,200 | | | | =| 40%| | | | | | | | Profit margin| =| Net income| | | | | Sales| | | | =| $12,562,200 | | | | | $167,310,000 | | | | =| 8%| | | | | | | | Increase in equity| =| PM x Projected sales x retention ratio| | =| 8% x ($167,310,000 x 1. 2) x 0. 4| | | =| $6,424,704. 00| | | | | | | | External Funds Needed (EFN)| =| Increase in assets – Increase in spontaneous liabilities – Increase in equity| | =| $21,723,000. 0 – $1,292,200. 00 – $6,424,704. 00| | =| $14,006,096. 00| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Income Statement| | | Sales| | 200,772,000| | | Cost of goods sold| | 141,492,000| | | Other expenses| | 23,992,800| | | Depreciation| | 5,460,000| (Assuming constant)| Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)| 29,827,200| | | Interest| | 3,009,000| (Assuming constant)| Taxable income| | 26,818,200| | | Taxes (40%)| | 10,727,280| | | Net Income| | 16,090,920| | | Dividends| | 9,044,784| | | Addition to RE| | 6,029,85 6| | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | |Pro forma Balance Sheet| | | Assets| | | | | Current assets| | | | | Cash| | 3,650,400| | | Accounts receivable| | 6,567,600| | | Inventory| | 7,363,200| | | Total| | 17,581,200| | | Fixed assets| | | | | Net plant and equipment| | 112,756,800| | | | | | | | | | | | | Total assets| | 130,338,000| | | | | | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities| | | | | Accounts payable| | 7,753,200| | | Notes payable| | 15,693,600| | | Total| | 23,446,800| | | | | | | | Long term debt| | 33,735,000| | | | | | | | Shareholders' equity| | | | | Common stock| | 5,200,000| | |Retained earnings| | 60,169,200| | | Total equity| | 65,369,200| | | | | | | | Total liabilities and equity| | 122,551,000| | | | | | | | EFN| | 7,787,000| | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Original ratios| | Growth @9. 08%| | Growth @20%| Debt-equity ratio| | 0. 96| | 0. 92| | 0. 87| Equity multiplier| | 1. 96| | 1. 98| | 1. 99| Interest coverage| | 7. 96| | 8. 85| | 9. 91| Profit margin| | 7. 51%| | 7. 76%| | 8. 01%| Return on assets| | 11. 57%| | 11. 96%| | 12. 35%| Return on equity| | 22. 70%| | 23. 65%| | 24. 62%| The growth rate of 20% indicates that the EFN is $7,787,000.Debt-equity ratio will decrease by 0. 05. The profit margin, return on assets and return on equity shows improvement if the expansion plan was taken up, assuming interest and depreciation remain constant. The further expansion may be taken up as it will bring improvement to the company’s profitability. Also, debt-equity ratio is still below 1 hence there is room for the expansion to be taken up. Question 5: Depreciation rate| =| Depreciation| | | | | PPE| | | | =| $5,460,000 | | | | | $93,964,000 | | | | =| 5. 81%| | | | | | | | Cost of new line| | 30,000,000| | |New depreciation charged| | 1,743,220. 81| | | | | | | | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Income Statement| | | Sales| | 200,772,000| (Assuming growth rate 20%)| Cost of goods sold| | 141,492,000| (Assuming growth rat e 20%)| Other expenses| | 23,992,800| (Assuming growth rate 20%)| Depreciation| | 1,743,221| | | Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT)| | 33,543,979| | | Interest| | 3,009,000| (Assuming constant)| Taxable income| | 30,534,979| | | Taxes (40%)| | 12,213,992| | | Net Income| | 18,320,988| | | Dividends| | 9,044,784| | | Addition to RE| | 6,029,856| | | | | | | East Coast Yachts| | | Pro forma Balance Sheet| | | Assets| | | | | Current assets| | | | | Cash| | 3,650,400| | | Accounts receivable| | 6,567,600| | | Inventory| | 7,363,200| | | Total| | 17,581,200| | | Fixed assets| | | | | Net plant and equipment| | 141,013,579| | | | | | | | Total assets| | 158,594,779| | | | | | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities| | | | | Accounts payable| | 7,753,200| | | Notes payable| | 15,693,600| | | Total| | 23,446,800| | | | | | | | Long term debt| | 33,735,000| | | | | | | | Shareholders' equity| | | | | Common stock| | 5,200,000| | |Retained earnings| | 60,169,200| | | Total equity | | 65,369,200| | | | | | | | Total liabilities and equity| | 122,551,000| | | | | | | | New EFN| | 36,043,779| | | Existing EFN| | 7,787,000| | | Additional EFN| | 28,256,779| | | Depreciation charged from increase in fixed assets at SGR of 20% was $1,743,220. 81. The new plant would cost $30,000,000. The additional EFN would be $28,256,779. The total EFN would become $36,043,779. This would imply that the capacity utilization would be lower next year, since the new plant would expand capacity much more than the required under SGR.